Perhaps the oldest conflict in human existence is between the principles of individual freedom, or “agency,” and of tyranny. I shall attempt to address this conflict in the briefest terms, short of saying, “Tyranny sucks” and letting it go at that. Extra credit for identifying the random literary references.
DEFINITIONS, with which you may disagree, but this is the way I use these terms. Your mileage may vary.
“Individual” – one, solitary human being, separate and distinct from all others.
“Society” – A group of individual human beings, associated by geography, culture, beliefs, race, etc. There is no such existential entity as “society.” There are only individuals hanging out together.
“Freedom” – The state in which every individual is allowed to guide his course through life, based on his value judgments and decisions. Note the use of “every.” There can be no such thing as the freedom to enslave.
“Individualism” – That body of political and moral thought which holds “freedom” to be an attribute of the individual human being, rather than of some amorphous collective, such as “Society,” “Them,” or “Us.”
“Capitalism” – The economic and political structure in which property is held privately, by individuals, and is traded by them with other individuals on the basis of a freely agreed-upon exchange of labor or of other property.
“Tyranny” – The state in which individuals are NOT allowed to guide their own courses, but are forcibly controlled by someone else. It doesn’t matter who. The case is binary.
“Collectivism” – That body of political and moral thought which classifies individuals as parts of some group, or collective. Thus, racism, sexism, and all the other –isms that group individuals by superficial or even abstract traits are all collectivism.
“Statism” – That body of anti-individualist political and moral thought which holds that the hand on Mankind’s leash should be the state, or the government, whether such power be vested in an individual tyrant or a committee.
“Principle” – A natural law that is eternal and universal, obedience to which is optional, and which carries a penalty for disobedience that is not optional, but in some cases may be passed on to innocent parties. There Ain’t No Such Thing As A Free Lunch. Somebody must pay.
“Him/He/His” – In grudging acknowledgement of the brain damage inflicted by professors upon so many, I claim the privilege of the archaic usage in which, when gender is unspecified, the masculine form is assumed to apply to all humans. If speaking specifically of the masculine gender, the word, “male” will be used. There was a time when people could comprehend this simple abstraction, but…
I shall lead off with a Scriptural perspective. If you reject such, read on; I’ve been there, too.
The Forbidden Fruit that tempted our first parents in the Garden was from the Tree of the Knowledge of Good and Evil. Mortality is a probationary period for us, by means of which Heavenly Father gives us every opportunity to prove ourselves worthy of the incomprehensible rewards He has planned for us afterward. The core of our probation is whether we will obey His Commandments, and have faith in Him and in Jesus Christ, but in order for this test to have any meaning, at all, we must be free to choose our course. If we are forcibly compelled to do right, there can be no learning, no growth, and no progression from The Natural Man toward one worthy of the Presence of God.
This is Principle One: Without agency, there can be no discussion of right or wrong, moral or immoral, wickedness or righteousness, or even good or bad.
Those who advocate for any form of statism always cite Mankind’s greed and capacity for cruelty, and claim that, “If only individuals weren’t free to make their own decisions, some omniscient, benevolent other individual[s], often “Society”, could guide the collective toward a kinder, gentler existence.” They hold that the profit motive leads inexorably to abuse, whereas, if Mankind were compelled by threat of deadly force to do “what is right,” life would be all peaches and cream.
This is Principle Two: The end result, or ultimate expression of any law is the threat of deadly force. Without it, the law would be a suggestion or a “guideline.” If one persists in disobeying a law in the face of all “encouragement” to obey, sooner or later someone will poke a gun in his ribs and make him an offer he can’t refuse.
So here is the crucial question: If all people are driven to abuse, from what group, or collective, ought we to draw our masters? If Joe Blow is a bully in his role as a citizen, is there some transfiguring ritual that will turn him into an Omniscient, Benevolent, Dictator (OBD, for short) the moment he gains power? I don’t see it happening. Statists love to say, “The problem with capitalism is that when applied to the human race, it devolves into abuse and bullying because all capitalists are human beings.”
This is Principle Three: All of Mankind comes from the same gene pool. If all people are driven to abuse others, then, by the axiom of identity (A=A) all people are driven to abuse others.
Okay. So what are all statists if not people? Whether the term used is “Socialist,” “Communist,” “Fascist,” “Nazi,” “Progressive,” “Modern liberal,” “Bolshevik,” “Rousseauan,” or any other euphemism, are we not bound to select our OBD from the human race? Is there a group, or a collective, be it racial, national, ethnic, or any other distinction, that is uniquely suited to governing the rest of us? It must be so if there are individuals who are exempt from the classification of all people, and by the statists’ own formulation, we must identify this group and beg them to fasten our leashes about our throats and drive us at gunpoint toward a kinder, gentler existence.
Now, hold on a minute. Might there be a word or a phrase to describe this group of natural-born, congenitally-disposed rulers? Hmmm. How about…
“THE MASTER RACE?”
Sure, it’s been tried before, but they didn’t do it right because they didn’t apply it to the whole world; there were too many people not brought to heel by the OBD’s. Consider the Jews, who just refused to get on board. And the Ukrainians. And the Gypsies. And the homosexuals. And, in the case of Pol Pot’s Cambodia, the educated class. And perhaps the Deplorables? The Fundamentalists of any faith? The Latter-Day Saints? The NRA members? The Blacks? The Muslims? The Overseas Chinese? (An old friend who crewed on a steamship in the South China Sea told me, “If God created such a thing as a congenital capitalist, it was the Chinaman.”) (And just to throw a little more on the table, who shall select our masters, and by what process, or authority, or special cognition? And if these “electors” have authority over the Master Race, isn’t that sort of a contradiction in terms, leading to an infinite regression?)
This is Principle Four : Statism always fails because it is anti-life – antithetical to the fundamentals that make human beings human beings, and the Statists always have to have a scapegoat in the form of non-conformists who are just too bloody stupid to see the truth.
What about the matter of motivation? Statists hold that individualism, expressed as capitalism, is driven by the motive to make a profit, and I’ll go along with that. What follows assumes we are talking about a free society, or “a government of laws and not of men,” in which individuals are free to act in their own behalf, according to their own agency.
If, then, all people are free, by definition no man can force another to do anything other than to leave him alone. So if the capitalist is bound by that same law, how can he turn a profit? He must provide his neighbors with something they want or can use, at a price they can afford, which must be greater than the cost to him. (Milo Minderbinder to the contrary, you can’t buy eggs for a dollar a dozen on Sardinia and sell them for .90 cents a dozen on Corsica and make up the difference in volume.)
More important, he must rely on their willingness to trade with him of their own free will, because everybody is free. The instant force or coercion is introduced, whether by the capitalist or the government, all bets are off, and it matters not whether the force is directed at the capitalist or his neighbors; the equation is fatally corrupted. So the capitalist is motivated, in the end, to provide his customers with something they feel will make their lives better, and to respect their agency. No altruism or self-sacrifice is required. He can’t charge too much, because if he tries, his customers will tell him to go jump in the lake and some sharp character will take his market from him. The same happens if he tries to pass off an inferior product. The freedom of all participants to decide and act accordingly is at the core of “the capitalist proposition.”
But what about the motivation of the statist master? What will drive him to assure that all are treated with equal benevolence and condescension? Pure good will and the milk of human kindness? The “better angels of his nature?” The aforementioned congenital disposition to govern fairly? Oh, and from whence will he gain his own sustenance? Being the master over so many will preclude any real productive labor by him, so he must skim a bit off the top. Fortunately for the rest of us pedestrian slobs, his essential nature as an OBD will prevent him from getting filthy rich off our work. Right? I mean, it says so right here on the label.
So which would you rather trust: a man’s natural drive to make himself and his heirs a better life within the constructs of a lawful economy? Or the divine nature of a member of the Master Race?
AND NOW THE OTHER PERSPECTIVE
I promised to go into the non-Scriptural perspective, so here you go. (I was a fire-breathing, proselyting atheist for almost 20 years, so I do have a bit of cred in this.)
First, the definitions and principles listed above also stand for this portion. If one holds to the model of evolution, or, as Darwin phrased it, “Origin of Species,” one cannot reasonably exclude the development of the human intellect from that of the human body. Nor, I believe, can one deny the fact that human beings exist solely as individuals, even if they join or are classified as members of various collectives. Therefore, if man exists as a physical individual, his rational faculty is also an individual attribute, functioning according to its true nature, consisting of the sensory apparatus, which informs him of his surroundings, his perceptual apparatus, which allows him to group things by similarities or differences, and his conceptual apparatus, which allows him to build mental constructs beyond the limitations of his perceptions.
Thus, his senses show him a small, feathered object. His perceptual consciousness says, “Bird,” and his conceptual consciousness says, “Chow.” What he does about that is up to him. Indeed, his survival depends on his decision, and without survival there can be no further evolution, so we can see how man’s rational faculties are at the core of his existence as man, rather than as some other being.
So what if he made the decision to eat that bird, but his neighbor said, “No, you shan’t eat Speckled Jim?” No matter how flawless his mental process, if he were not allowed to act on the results of that process, all would be for naught. Thus the freedom to think and the freedom to act are mutually crucial to Mankind’s very existence – the definitive expression of pro-life orientation. Whether one speaks of “evolution” or “transformation,” the intellectual development of the individual human being is axiomatic.
Does it really matter if his consumption of the bird were halted by his neighbor, or by a group of his neighbors, or by those slobs down the hill? Not a bit. Either he was free to act on his decision or he was not. And we’re right back to where we were because truth is truth, no matter the source or the path by which it is derived.
Wess Rodgers – Rebsarge.wordpress.com – Albuquerque