One more try on this topic. To grasp the sheer insanity and evil of William James’ philosophy strains the senses and rationality to the point of mental disorientation. I’ve never been able to finish this exposition, so this time, instead of trying to start at the beginning and build his twisted, Escher-esque metaphysics, I’m going to leave that part of it to you, my readers. (What? I have readers? No way!)
James’ metaphysics, or model of existence, held that there are an infinite number of “realities,” called “Multiverses.” Each multiverse is created and ruled by its own god (lower-case god). His provenance for this is that people disagree passionately and steadfastly on things, which “proves” [sic] each of us lives in a unique “reality.” Furthermore, existence, or reality, is not finished; it is literally under construction at every instant. If it were not so, there could be no change – no revision or correction of old theories. (Heraclitus first came up with this baloney when he said a man can’t step in the same river twice, because the flow of water creates a new river instantaneously. [Note 1] Don’t get hung up on this! It’s stupid and self-refuting, and only professors and their victims are capable of swallowing such crap.)
So all of these gods are constantly at war, trying to get their children a better deal. Ever heard the phrase, or the movie title, “Children of a lesser god?” Well, that’s James’ influence. If you are a child of a lesser god, sucks to be you. However, there is a way for even us metaphysically impoverished miserables: the power of our faith. Since each multiverse was created by the will of the associated god, if we can throw the full weight of our faith and will behind our god, sometimes we can tip the scales in our favor. “Reality” is created by consciousness, and so it can be changed at a whim. Since “reality” is constantly changing, what we “knew” an instant ago can no longer be trusted. The knowledge we bring into every instant of our lives is obsolete at the threshold of the next instant. James called it “Antecedent knowledge,” which is another self-refuting absurdity.
Here’s the segue into epistemology, or the model of knowledge – the branch of philosophy that examines how we know anything, and how our knowledge relates to existence. Ever been in a discussion about politics, morals, economics, art, or any other abstract topic, and your opponent demands, “How do you know that?” Well, there you are, instantly up to your so-called, alleged eyeballs in epistemology. Don’t worry. All that BS is BS, and need not be confusing. I’ll show you. [note 2]
Back to the fact that folks disagree. If two people are created and nurtured in different multiverses, their views, or models, of reality are hopelessly, irrevocably incompatible, viz the proverb about the blind men examining an elephant. One got the trunk and said the beast was like a snake. Another felt the leg and said it was a tree, and so on. Each of those chaps was experiencing reality – the elephant – through the filter of his blindness and past experiences. So it is with us and our multiverses, and the great, inescapable filter is our culture. “Culture” is everything we experience in our lives. Everything! Race, age, gender, finances, nationality, religion, handicap, talents… everything! We can never escape the mental, or epistemological, prison of our culture. If we find someone with whom we agree on most things – ‘cause agreeing on all things is impossible! – it means they may also be children of our own god, or at least the spawn of our multiverse.
People from different cultures – which is all of us! – can never agree because their very means of perceiving and understanding “reality” is permanently, totally, irreversibly determined by our cultures. We have only three alternatives: one of us can surrender our world view to the other, we can fight it out and let the strong prevail, or we can simply avoid each other forever. This is the unspoken truth of multiculturalism. It is not tolerance or acceptance of other cultures! Multiculturalism is the theory that culture is the only thing that exists as unchangeable! Remember when I said reality is under construction, so we can’t trust what we knew at the top of this page? The one and only exception is our cultures. Multiculturalism teaches that we can never understand the culture of another person. [Notes 3 and 3B]
I bet some of y’all are thinking, “There’s no way that’s a thing! That’s too friggin’ insane!” Well, consider ethics. Ever hear, “That may be right for you, but it’s not right for me?” How about, “We don’t say that’s wrong; we just say it’s not the way we do things here.” (I have actually, LITERALLY heard that one in reference to cannibalism.) Ever heard someone claim the dichotomy between “universal truth and personal truth?” Now let’s tie this ethical garbage back to epistemology: it may true for you that it’s bad for me to stick a knife in your belly, but it isn’t true for me. And just because it was bad yesterday doesn’t mean it’s bad today – or since lunch.”
James actually wrote, “The moral is the expedient, and the expedient of the moment.” So since reality is created by what we think, “Whatever gets me what I want right now is the expedient of the moment, and, by definition, moral.” James called his philosophy “Pragmatism” for this very reason: whatever works is moral, right, and good, but it only has to work for me, in this moment. Because reality is under construction, and our antecedent knowledge is null and void, there are no such things as immutable principles, whether in physics, math, morals, politics, economics, or anything else.
Let’s go back a few paragraphs to where I said we can affect the course of existence by throwing the full weight of our will and faith behind our god. Talk about the “pie,” model of existence, where one person’s slice comes out of another person’s! (In the Marines, we call this, ‘Semper Fi. I got mine, screw you.”) This is a critical point! The course or development of reality is not affected by what we do because action takes place in the realm of volatile, unknowable, capricious flux. No, if we would alter reality, we can only do it through supporting the consciousness of our god. Every person who disagrees with us counteracts our faith. The very fact that they disagree threatens the very course of our multiverse.
Again, if you think that’s so insane no one could ever truly believe it, consider the rabid response of liberals to any opinion that contradicts their own.
How did James’ madness become such a force in American life? In the 1920’s, a professor education at the University of Michigan, John Dewey, took James’ philosophy of Pragmatism, with its multiverses, hordes of gods, multiculturalism, Heraclitian flux, and absolute, utter amorality and applied it to a model of public education. These two men, James and Dewey, are responsible for the putrefaction of American education and the spread of that intellectual gangrene across generations.
If you’ve hacked your way through this, perhaps you can see how difficult it was to write, and why I had to skip over so much.
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[Note 1] Heraclitus was a Greek who lived around 500 BC. He proposed that nothing exists but change, or “flux.” Since everything that exists changes over time – trees fall and rot, people die and rot, stones are broken up and eroded – and since much of that change is imperceptible to Man, the belief in permanence is folly. See how this relates to James’ BS? Heraclitus failed to understand the Law of Identity, which says that all – that’s all – the features that make a thing what it is are part of its identity. A tree is a tree, and one of the physical, very real features that make it a tree is that it can die, fall, and rot. It’s not a different tree; it’s the same tree at a different time and under different circumstances. His famous statement about stepping in the same river twice does not comprehend that part of what makes a river a river is that the water moves. A water molecule does not become a different molecule with every millimeter it travels. We can’t really blame ol’ Heraclitus for missing this; Ayn Rand hadn’t written “Introduction to Objectivist Epistemology” for a few millennia hence.
[Note 2] If James’ position that we are totally, absolutely, incontrovertibly determined by our culture, and we can never comprehend anything from outside our culture, how could he have ever formulated that idea? See [Note 3] below – he would have to know, for certain, what he was commenting on, and with equal certainty, what is true. No one but a professor or someone with multiple college degrees could swallow such feldercarp.
[Note 3] I promised to show you why James’ claim that we don’t know anything is baloney, so here you go. In order to say whether a statement is true or false, you must have access to two things: [1] the statement and [2] reality. Therefore, in order for James to claim anything is false, he must know, absolutely and with certainty, [1] what we think, and [2] whether it matches reality. His theory is self-refuting, because if it were true, he could never have formulated it!
[Note 3B] My favorite perversion of this perversion is usually snarled, “How do you know some mad scientist hasn’t planted electrodes in your head to make you think you know stuff?” Jeeze. Talk about intellectual pie! (“Pie” is an artillerist’s term for an easy target – “easy as pie.” No extra charge for that one.) How much very real, definite, complex, precise knowledge would be necessary for creation of electrodes, for planting them in the cognitive spaces of the brain, and, in fact for the existence of “mad scientist?”
Wess Rodgers – rebsarge.wordpress.com – Albuquerque